Upstream Pressure

Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards

Tracking improving relative to recent baseline.

What is the current Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards?

SENIOR LOAN OFFICER SURVEY: BANKS TIGHTENING
0% ↓ Improving
Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards at 0.
One year ago
9.4% ↓ Improving
down 9.4 points since Q1 2025

The Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey (SLOOS) measures whether banks are making it easier or harder to get loans. A positive reading means banks are tightening standards, making credit harder to access; a negative reading means they are loosening. This captures the supply side of credit — even if demand exists, tightening standards can cut off borrowers and amplify financial distress. Source: Federal Reserve SLOOS (quarterly).

Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards at 0.0%

Tracking improving relative to recent baseline.

Source: Federal Reserve SLOOS via FRED · Latest: 2026-Q1

Explore Further

Is this happening to you?

Have you been denied credit or offered worse terms than you expected?

How has Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards changed over time?

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Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards over time
Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards, percent
Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards
Historical data
Quarterly · Federal Reserve SLOOS via FRED
Period Value YoY Change
Q1 2026 0% −9.4 pts
Q4 2025 4.2% −14.2 pts
Q3 2025 10.4% −9.6 pts
Q2 2025 5.6% −15.6 pts
Q1 2025 9.4% −13.5 pts
Q4 2024 18.4% −10.5 pts
Q3 2024 20% −16.4 pts
Q2 2024 21.2% −9.2 pts
Q1 2024 22.9% −5.4 pts
Q4 2023 28.9% +10.1 pts
Q3 2023 36.4% +36.4 pts
Q2 2023 30.4% +40.8 pts

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the SLOOS measure?

The Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey asks bank loan officers whether they are tightening or loosening lending standards. It captures the supply side of credit: even when consumers need to borrow, tighter bank standards can cut off access, forcing households toward higher-cost alternatives.

Why does credit tightening matter for households?

When banks tighten standards, marginal borrowers lose access to credit at reasonable terms. This pushes them toward credit cards (20.97% APR), Buy Now Pay Later, or payday lenders — or forces them to reduce spending, which can trigger the distress cascade tracked by other indicators.

Where does SLOOS data come from?

The Federal Reserve conducts the Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey quarterly, surveying approximately 80 large domestic banks and 24 U.S. branches of foreign banks about changes in their lending standards and terms.

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Why does Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards matter?

Senior Loan Officer Survey: Banks Tightening Standards is one of 91 indicators in the American Distress Index's upstream pressure layer — the signal that predicted the 2008 crisis two years before delinquency data confirmed it.
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