U-6 Underemployment Rate

Broadest measure of labor underutilization

Historically follows Initial Unemployment Claims (SA) by 1 quarter — no active signal. Initial Unemployment Claims (SA) · View projections

What is the current U-6 Underemployment Rate?

U-6 UNDEREMPLOYMENT RATE
7.9% ↓ Improving
underemployed or marginally attached to the labor force

The U-6 underemployment rate — the broadest official measure of labor underutilization — includes unemployed workers, discouraged workers who have stopped looking, and people working part-time for economic reasons. At approximately 8%, it captures a significantly larger share of labor market slack than the headline U-3 unemployment rate. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

U-6 Underemployment Rate at 8.0%

Tracking improving relative to recent baseline.

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How has U-6 Underemployment Rate changed over time?

CSV Chart Card
U-6 Underemployment Rate over time
U-6 total unemployed plus all marginally attached workers
U-6 Underemployment Rate
Historical data
Monthly · BLS via FRED
Period Value YoY Change
Feb 2026 7.9% −0.1 pts
Jan 2026 8.1% +0.6 pts
Dec 2025 8.4% +0.8 pts
Nov 2025 8.7% +1.0 pts
Sep 2025 8.1% +0.4 pts
Aug 2025 8.1% +0.3 pts
Jul 2025 7.9% +0.1 pts
Jun 2025 7.7% +0.3 pts
May 2025 7.8% +0.4 pts
Apr 2025 7.8% +0.4 pts
Mar 2025 7.9% +0.6 pts
Feb 2025 8% +0.7 pts

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the U-6 underemployment rate?

The U-6 rate is the broadest official measure of labor underutilization. It includes the officially unemployed (U-3), plus discouraged workers who have stopped looking for work, plus people working part-time because they cannot find full-time positions. It is typically 3–4 percentage points higher than U-3.

Why track U-6 instead of the headline unemployment rate?

The headline U-3 rate misses significant labor market distress. Someone working 15 hours per week at minimum wage because they cannot find full-time work is counted as employed in U-3 but captured as underemployed in U-6. For measuring household financial distress, the broader measure is more informative.

Where does U-6 data come from?

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes U-6 monthly alongside the headline unemployment rate, based on the Current Population Survey. Both are part of the BLS Employment Situation report released the first Friday of each month.

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Why does U-6 Underemployment Rate matter?

U-6 Underemployment Rate is one of 91 indicators in the American Distress Index's labor market layer — the signal that predicted the 2008 crisis two years before delinquency data confirmed it.
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