About two in five people with a credit file in Nolan County, Texas, have unpaid debt sent to a collector

In Nolan County, 36.8% of people with a credit file had unpaid debt sent to a collector. That is higher than in 89% of U.S. counties.

County Distress Index Data through Sep 2026
44th
of 254 counties in Texas
84score /100

More distressed than 84% of U.S. counties.

What drives Nolan County's score

In Nolan County, late payments on loans weigh most: the score for late payments on loans is 87.4. About three in five people (58.2%, Q2 2026) have a subprime credit score, a higher share than in 94% of U.S. counties. Income and the safety net comes next, at 82.4.

The County Distress Index looks at five parts of household money trouble in Nolan County: jobs, late payments on loans, income and the safety net, collections and bankruptcy, and housing costs. Each part is scored from 0 to 100, and a higher score means worse off than other counties.

Nolan County does better than most counties on two measures: bankruptcy filings per 100,000 people (83.9, 2025) and renters paying half their income or more in rent (16.7%, 2020 to 2024).

A longer bar means more trouble. See how the county score works.

  • Late payments

    Biggest factor
    87.4 of 100

    Credit records, August 2025; credit scores, second quarter of 2026

    • People with a credit card behind
      7.6% · August 2025
      80th percentile
    • People with a car or retail loan behind
      8.8% · August 2025
      87th percentile
    • People with a subprime credit score
      58.2% · second quarter of 2026
      94th percentile
  • Income and safety net

    82.4 of 100

    Poverty and income, 2024; disability and insurance, 2020–24 Census survey

    • People below the poverty line
      19.7% · 2024
      86th percentile
    • Children below the poverty line
      26.7% · 2024
      86th percentile
    • People with a disability
      19.7% · 2020 to 2024
      78th percentile
    • People without health insurance
      13.3% · 2020 to 2024
      84th percentile
    • Median household income (lower income, longer bar)
      $57,566 · 2024
      76th percentile
  • Jobs

    68.3 of 100

    Unemployment through Sep 2026; adults not working, 2020–24 Census survey

    • Unemployment rate, average over the latest year
      4.1% · Oct 2025 to Sep 2026
      52nd percentile
    • Adults 25 to 54 not working
      27.8% · 2020 to 2024
      84th percentile
  • Collections and bankruptcy

    58.5 of 100

    Credit records, August 2025; bankruptcy filings, 2025

    • People with unpaid debt sent to a collector
      36.8% · August 2025
      89th percentile
    • Bankruptcy filings per 100,000 people
      83.9 · 2025
      27th percentile
  • Housing costs

    55.0 of 100

    Renters, 2020–24 Census survey; HUD's fair market rents, fiscal year 2027

    • Renters paying half their income or more in rent
      16.7% · 2020 to 2024
      41st percentile
    • Rent on a two-bedroom as a share of the median income
      22.7% · fiscal year 2027
      68th percentile

Sources: Urban Institute, Debt in America; Equifax via the St. Louis Fed; Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Table F-5A; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Fair Market Rents and Census income; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics; Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates. County Distress Index by American Default Research, from data through Sep 2026.

Where the money in Nolan County comes from

Benefit checks are Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid paid on people's behalf, veterans' benefits, and food and income support, so a high share usually means an older population, low pay, or both. In Nolan County, 19.5% of residents are 65 or older (Census Bureau, 2024), against 17.2% nationally that year.

Cents of every dollar of income, 2024

Nolan County

58 15 28

Texas

65 20 15

United States

61 21 18
  • Pay from work
  • Investments and rent
  • Benefit checks
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts (CAINC4), shares of all personal income received by residents, 2024. Pay from work is total income minus the other two, so the three add to 100.

Benefit checks' share of income in Nolan County had its largest rise, from 19.1% in 1989 to 24.0% in 1994.

In Nolan County, benefit checks' share of income has tripled since 1969, reaching 27.9% in 2024, but pay from work still brings in twice as much as benefit checks

In Nolan County, Texas, benefit checks' share of income tripled from 1969 to 2024, reaching 27.9%; pay from work is plotted alongside. Every fifth year and 2024 are shown.

  • Benefit checks
  • Pay from work
0%40%80% 196919741979198419891994199920042009201420192024 0%40%80% 196919791989199920092024
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts (CAINC4), shares of all personal income received by residents, Nolan County, Texas American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/texas/nolan-county-tx/
Download data (CSV)

The share of households in Nolan County getting SNAP food aid had its largest rise, from 14.2% in 2020 to 17.5% in 2021.

The share of households in Nolan County getting SNAP food aid rose by about half to 19.7%, the highest on the chart

Low on the chart: 12.3% in 2018. Households getting SNAP, every year; each bar is a five-year survey estimate ending that year, so neighboring bars share most of their data, Nolan County, Texas.

0%10%20% 13.0%19.7% 2009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 0%10%20% 13.0%19.7% 20092011201320152017201920212024
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/texas/nolan-county-tx/
Download data (CSV)

How Nolan County has changed

Nolan County's population had its largest rise, from 16,194 in 1974 to 17,314 in 1979.

Nolan County's population was at its highest on the chart in 1984 and has since fallen by about a fifth

High on the chart: 17,930 in 1984. Residents, yearly estimate, every fifth year and 2024, Nolan County, Texas.

010,00020,000 15,85814,182 196919741979198419891994199920042009201420192024 010,00020,000 15,85814,182 196919791989199920092024
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/texas/nolan-county-tx/
Download data (CSV)

The number of jobs located in Nolan County made its largest gain on the way to its 2020 high, from 6,082 in 2015 to 6,246 in 2020.

The number of jobs located in Nolan County rose 7% from 1990 to 2025

High on the chart: 6,246 in 2020. Yearly average of jobs covered by unemployment insurance, every fifth year and 2025, Nolan County, Texas.

03,5007,000 5,7886,177 19901995200020052010201520202025 03,5007,000 5,7886,177 19901995200020052010201520202025
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/texas/nolan-county-tx/
Download data (CSV)
MeasureThenNowSource
Unemployment rateBLS LAUS 1990 7.8% 2025 3.7% BLS LAUS
People below the poverty lineCensus SAIPE 1989 20.7% 2024 19.7% Census SAIPE
Median household incomeCensus SAIPE 1989 $20,119 2024 $57,566 Census SAIPE

The table uses 3.7% for 2025; the score uses 4.1% for the latest year (Oct 2025 to Sep 2026), both from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Figures are as each agency published them, not adjusted for prices.

Dated events in Nolan County's history

  1. 1876

    Created in 1876, organized in 1881. Wikipedia

  2. 1950

    The county's largest recorded population was the 1950 Census count of 19,808. The 2020 Census counted 14,738, 74% of the peak. Census Bureau

  3. 1950

    International Harvester Company factory operated 1920-1950. Wikipedia

  4. 1986

    EF3 tornado swept through town April 19, 1986 causing extensive damage. Wikipedia

  5. 1986

    A tornado in April 1986 did $25 million in property damage and killed one person. NOAA Storm Events Database

  6. 2002

    Hail in May 2002 did $12 million in property damage. NOAA Storm Events Database

  7. 2020

    A tornado in March 2020 did $2 million in property damage. NOAA Storm Events Database

  8. 2022

    A thunderstorm in August 2022 killed one person. NOAA Storm Events Database

  9. Since 1980

    18 federal disaster and emergency declarations have covered Nolan County, 3 of them for flooding. FEMA

Nolan County beside its neighbors

Nolan County scores higher than all five counties that border it. For the share of income from benefit checks, Nolan County ranks 5th of the six; Coke County is highest, at 33.1%.

CountyDistress scoreScoreRank in its state Poverty rateBenefit checks, share of incomeBenefit checks
Nolan County, TX 84 44th of 254 19.7% 27.9%
Taylor County, TX 67 122nd of 254 14.8% 22.7%
Mitchell County, TX 62 145th of 254 22.1% 29.7%
Runnels County, TX 55 162nd of 254 17.8% 32.5%
Coke County, TX 50 179th of 254 15.0% 33.1%
Fisher County, TX 46 195th of 254 14.9% 28.9%

Distress score: American Default Research, County Distress Index, data through Sep 2026; each county scored against all 3,144. Poverty rate: Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, 2024. Benefit checks: Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2024. Neighbors share a border, from Census county maps.

Is Nolan County the poorest county in Texas?

No, Nolan County's poverty rate was 19.7% in 2024, 41st highest of 254 in Texas (U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates). By that measure the poorest county in the state is Starr County, at 35.4%. On our distress index, which counts more than poverty, Nolan County ranks 44th of 254 in the state.

If you're behind on your mortgage in Nolan County

Housing counselors approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development work at nonprofit agencies. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau describes free foreclosure-avoidance counseling, including help with mortgage-company conversations and available options Source CFPB.

Texas foreclosure guide →

The score, its 14 measures and their sources, in one file. Free to use with credit to American Default Research.

Download the CSV for Nolan County · Every U.S. county (CSV)

Cite this Nolan County, Texas, scores 84 on the County Distress Index (data through Sep 2026): more distressed than 84% of U.S. counties · American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/texas/nolan-county-tx/

Sources and method

  • American Default Research · County Distress Index Data through Sep 2026, built from Urban Institute, Debt in America; Equifax via the St. Louis Fed; U.S. Courts, Table F-5A; Census Bureau, American Community Survey; HUD Fair Market Rents and Census income; Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics; Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates. The County Distress Index is American Default Research's own calculation; the Urban Institute does not produce or endorse it. Our methodology
  • Urban Institute · Debt in America Breno Braga, Signe-Mary McKernan, Samantha Atherton, and Kassandra Martinchek, "Debt in America," last updated November 20, 2025, https://datacatalog.urban.org/dataset/debt-america-2025. Licensed under ODC-By 1.0.
  • Rent on a two-bedroom and household income The rent share compares HUD fair market rent for fiscal year 2027 with Census Bureau median household income for 2024. The page calls this the typical household's income.
  • U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts (CAINC4) · income shares Where the money in Nolan County comes from, 2024.
  • History The agencies named in each row and the linked records above.