About two in five people with a credit file in Richmond County, North Carolina, have unpaid debt sent to a collector

In Richmond County, 39.5% of people with a credit file had unpaid debt sent to a collector. That is higher than in 93% of U.S. counties.

County Distress Index Data through Sep 2026
9th
of 100 counties in North Carolina
93score /100

More distressed than 93% of U.S. counties.

What drives Richmond County's score

In Richmond County, late payments on loans weigh most: the score for late payments on loans is 91.6. About three in five people (58.3%, Q2 2026) have a subprime credit score, a higher share than in 94% of U.S. counties. Housing costs come next, at 84.3.

The County Distress Index looks at five parts of household money trouble in Richmond County: jobs, late payments on loans, income and the safety net, collections and bankruptcy, and housing costs. Each part is scored from 0 to 100, and a higher score means worse off than other counties.

Richmond County does better than most counties on two measures: bankruptcy filings per 100,000 people (92.1, 2025) and unemployment rate, average over the latest year (3.9%, Oct 2025 to Sep 2026).

A longer bar means more trouble. See how the county score works.

  • Late payments

    Biggest factor
    91.6 of 100

    Credit records, August 2025; credit scores, second quarter of 2026

    • People with a credit card behind
      8.9% · August 2025
      90th percentile
    • People with a car or retail loan behind
      9.5% · August 2025
      90th percentile
    • People with a subprime credit score
      58.3% · second quarter of 2026
      94th percentile
  • Housing costs

    84.3 of 100

    Renters, 2020–24 Census survey; HUD's fair market rents, fiscal year 2027

    • Renters paying half their income or more in rent
      26.2% · 2020 to 2024
      90th percentile
    • Rent on a two-bedroom as a share of the median income
      24.0% · fiscal year 2027
      78th percentile
  • Income and safety net

    82.5 of 100

    Poverty and income, 2024; disability and insurance, 2020–24 Census survey

    • People below the poverty line
      21.5% · 2024
      91st percentile
    • Children below the poverty line
      31.9% · 2024
      93rd percentile
    • People with a disability
      17.1% · 2020 to 2024
      60th percentile
    • People without health insurance
      11.6% · 2020 to 2024
      76th percentile
    • Median household income (lower income, longer bar)
      $50,515 · 2024
      90th percentile
  • Jobs

    69.5 of 100

    Unemployment through Sep 2026; adults not working, 2020–24 Census survey

    • Unemployment rate, average over the latest year
      3.9% · Oct 2025 to Sep 2026
      48th percentile
    • Adults 25 to 54 not working
      30.5% · 2020 to 2024
      90th percentile
  • Collections and bankruptcy

    62.8 of 100

    Credit records, August 2025; bankruptcy filings, 2025

    • People with unpaid debt sent to a collector
      39.5% · August 2025
      93rd percentile
    • Bankruptcy filings per 100,000 people
      92.1 · 2025
      31st percentile

Sources: Urban Institute, Debt in America; Equifax via the St. Louis Fed; Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Table F-5A; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Fair Market Rents and Census income; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics; Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates. County Distress Index by American Default Research, from data through Sep 2026.

Where the money in Richmond County comes from

Benefit checks are Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid paid on people's behalf, veterans' benefits, and food and income support, so a high share usually means an older population, low pay, or both. In Richmond County, 18.1% of residents are 65 or older (Census Bureau, 2024), against 17.2% nationally that year.

Cents of every dollar of income, 2024

Richmond County

51 11 38

North Carolina

60 19 21

United States

61 21 18
  • Pay from work
  • Investments and rent
  • Benefit checks
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts (CAINC4), shares of all personal income received by residents, 2024. Pay from work is total income minus the other two, so the three add to 100.

Benefit checks' share of income in Richmond County made its largest gain on the way to its 2009 high, from 30.8% in 2004 to 38.2% in 2009.

In Richmond County, benefit checks' share of income has grown to about four times its 1969 level, reaching 38.1% in 2024, but pay from work still brings in about a third more than benefit checks

In Richmond County, North Carolina, benefit checks' share of income grew to about four times its 1969 level by 2024, reaching 38.1%; pay from work is plotted alongside. Every fifth year and 2024 are shown.

  • Benefit checks
  • Pay from work
0%45%90% 196919741979198419891994199920042009201420192024 0%45%90% 196919791989199920092024
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts (CAINC4), shares of all personal income received by residents, Richmond County, North Carolina American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/north-carolina/richmond-county-nc/
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The share of households in Richmond County getting SNAP food aid had its largest rise, from 14.7% in 2009 to 17.2% in 2010.

The share of households in Richmond County getting SNAP food aid doubled from 2009 to 2024, reaching 28.6%

High on the chart: 29.4% in 2023. Households getting SNAP, every year; each bar is a five-year survey estimate ending that year, so neighboring bars share most of their data, Richmond County, North Carolina.

0%15%30% 14.7%28.6% 2009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 0%15%30% 14.7%28.6% 20092011201320152017201920212024
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/north-carolina/richmond-county-nc/
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How Richmond County has changed

Richmond County's population had its largest rise, from 41,449 in 1974 to 44,784 in 1979.

Richmond County's population was at its highest on the chart in 2009 and is down 10% since

High on the chart: 46,537 in 2009. Residents, yearly estimate, every fifth year and 2024, Richmond County, North Carolina.

025,00050,000 39,27141,990 196919741979198419891994199920042009201420192024 025,00050,000 39,27141,990 196919791989199920092024
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/north-carolina/richmond-county-nc/
Download data (CSV)

The number of jobs located in Richmond County had its largest drop, from 16,219 in 2000 to 15,029 in 2005.

The number of jobs located in Richmond County fell by about a quarter from 1990 to 2025, reaching 13,571

High on the chart: 17,550 in 1990. Yearly average of jobs covered by unemployment insurance, every fifth year and 2025, Richmond County, North Carolina.

010,00020,000 17,55013,571 19901995200020052010201520202025 010,00020,000 17,55013,571 19901995200020052010201520202025
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/north-carolina/richmond-county-nc/
Download data (CSV)
MeasureThenNowSource
Unemployment rateBLS LAUS 1990 5.8% 2025 4.2% BLS LAUS
People below the poverty lineCensus SAIPE 1989 15.7% 2024 21.5% Census SAIPE
Median household incomeCensus SAIPE 1989 $21,314 2024 $50,515 Census SAIPE

The table uses 4.2% for 2025; the score uses 3.9% for the latest year (Oct 2025 to Sep 2026), both from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Figures are as each agency published them, not adjusted for prices.

Dated events in Richmond County's history

  1. 1779

    Formed in 1779 from a portion of Anson County. Wikipedia

  2. 1850

    Naval stores industry harvesting turpentine from longleaf pines began around 1850. Wikipedia

  3. 1869

    Richmond Manufacturing Company mill burned, rebuilt as Great Falls Mill in 1869. Wikipedia

  4. 2010

    The county's largest recorded population was the 2010 Census count of 46,639. The 2020 Census counted 42,946, 92% of the peak. Census Bureau

  5. 2018

    A flood in September 2018 did $21.8 million in property damage. NOAA Storm Events Database

  6. Since 1977

    20 federal disaster and emergency declarations have covered Richmond County. FEMA

Richmond County beside its neighbors

Of the five counties that border Richmond County, in North Carolina and South Carolina, two score higher. For the share of income from benefit checks, Richmond County ranks 3rd of the six; Marlboro County is highest, at 40.5%.

CountyDistress scoreScoreRank in its state Poverty rateBenefit checks, share of incomeBenefit checks
Marlboro County, SC 98 2nd of 46 30.2% 40.5%
Scotland County, NC 94 8th of 100 22.9% 39.2%
Richmond County, NC 93 9th of 100 21.5% 38.1%
Anson County, NC 92 11th of 100 21.3% 33.5%
Montgomery County, NC 62 45th of 100 16.0% 28.8%
Moore County, NC 19 94th of 100 10.9% 23.2%

Distress score: American Default Research, County Distress Index, data through Sep 2026; each county scored against all 3,144. Poverty rate: Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, 2024. Benefit checks: Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2024. Neighbors share a border, from Census county maps.

Is Richmond County the poorest county in North Carolina?

No, Richmond County's poverty rate was 21.5% in 2024, 5th highest of 100 in North Carolina (U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates). By that measure the poorest county in the state is Robeson County, at 23.7%. On our distress index, which counts more than poverty, Richmond County ranks 9th of 100 in the state.

If you're behind on your mortgage in Richmond County

Housing counselors approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development work at nonprofit agencies. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau describes free foreclosure-avoidance counseling, including help with mortgage-company conversations and available options Source CFPB.

North Carolina foreclosure guide →

The score, its 14 measures and their sources, in one file. Free to use with credit to American Default Research.

Download the CSV for Richmond County · Every U.S. county (CSV)

Cite this Richmond County, North Carolina, scores 93 on the County Distress Index (data through Sep 2026): more distressed than 93% of U.S. counties · American Default Research · americandefault.org/counties/north-carolina/richmond-county-nc/

Sources and method

  • American Default Research · County Distress Index Data through Sep 2026, built from Urban Institute, Debt in America; Equifax via the St. Louis Fed; U.S. Courts, Table F-5A; Census Bureau, American Community Survey; HUD Fair Market Rents and Census income; Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics; Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates. The County Distress Index is American Default Research's own calculation; the Urban Institute does not produce or endorse it. Our methodology
  • Urban Institute · Debt in America Breno Braga, Signe-Mary McKernan, Samantha Atherton, and Kassandra Martinchek, "Debt in America," last updated November 20, 2025, https://datacatalog.urban.org/dataset/debt-america-2025. Licensed under ODC-By 1.0.
  • Rent on a two-bedroom and household income The rent share compares HUD fair market rent for fiscal year 2027 with Census Bureau median household income for 2024. The page calls this the typical household's income.
  • U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts (CAINC4) · income shares Where the money in Richmond County comes from, 2024.
  • History The agencies named in each row and the linked records above.