PNC closed 3.2% of mortgage complaints with monetary relief, above the typical rate
PNC closed 3.2% of recent CFPB mortgage complaints with monetary relief, much more often than the typical company. PNC is a national bank that services home loans. Its mortgage hardship line is 800-523-8654. Mail payments to the address on your current statement.
Next edition expected January 2027
Who to call at PNC about your mortgage
Letters about a mistake on your account go to a post office box in Dayton, Ohio.
PNC Borrower Assistance, for a mortgage you're behind on or about to be
1-800-523-8654PNC's hardship page says a short-term plan, for a money problem expected to last about three months or less, can only be started by calling this line. The page lists these hours, Eastern time, for this line and for the home equity hardship line: Monday to Thursday, 8 a.m. to 9 p.m.; Friday, 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.; Saturday, 8 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Listed on pnc.com · checked Oct 23, 2026
PNC mortgage customer care and 24-hour automated account line
1-800-822-5626PNC prints two sets of hours for this line. Its mortgage page says 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. Eastern on weekdays and 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on weekends. Its contact page says Monday to Thursday 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. and Friday 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Listed on pnc.com · checked Oct 23, 2026
Notice of error or information request (a letter here starts PNC's legal clock to reply)
PNC Bank
PO Box 8807
Dayton, OH 45401-8807
A notice of error is a letter saying PNC made a mistake on your account. PNC's page says these letters, and requests for information, must be sent in writing to this address.
Listed on pnc.com · checked Oct 21, 2026
- PNC Borrower Assistance for a home equity loan or line of credit
- 1-866-622-2657 PNC's hardship page also gives extension 44700 for home equity hardship questions. Listed on pnc.com · checked Oct 23, 2026
- Hardship application by email (PDF, JPEG or Word files)
- haa@pnc.com PNC lists PDF, JPG and similar files for email attachments. Listed on pnc.com · checked Oct 23, 2026
- Hardship application by fax, with PNC's cover sheet
- 1-855-288-3974 Listed on pnc.com · checked Oct 21, 2026
- Hardship application by mail
- PNC Bank, Attention: Central Receiving B6-YM14-01-T, 3232 Newmark Drive, Miamisburg, OH 45342 This is the address for the completed application and its documents, not for payments. Listed on pnc.com · checked Oct 23, 2026
- PNC's mortgage transfer team, for a loan just moved to PNC
- 1-888-581-8960 PNC lists this team for questions about a loan transfer. Listed on pnc.com · checked Oct 23, 2026
- PNC's line for servicemembers and the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (1-844-PNC-SCRA)
- 1-844-762-7272 The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act is a federal law with protections for people on active military duty. PNC's contact page lists this line for Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern. Listed on pnc.com · checked Oct 21, 2026
American Default Research is independent of PNC and the government.
PNC takes mailed payments at one of two addresses, depending on your state, with separate addresses for overnight mail, listed on its payment page.
For a payoff amount, PNC's payment page says to call its payoff representatives at 800-822-5626, the customer line above.
How to ask PNC for help when you're behind
PNC's hardship page says to call 800-523-8654 for a money problem expected to last about three months or less. For a longer hardship, PNC asks for an application. Banks call this help loss mitigation: the ways a mortgage company can help you keep the house, such as a pause on payments or a loan modification.
A pause on payments is called forbearance: you pay less or nothing for a set time, then make it up. A loan modification is a permanent change to your loan's terms.
PNC's application is called the Hardship Assistance Application. PNC's page says PNC "will complete the eligibility process within 30 days from the time we receive your complete application."
PNC describes that 30-day review for complete applications received at least 38 days before a scheduled foreclosure sale. The federal rule uses the same timing condition. PNC adds that its help options may not be available if you're in an active bankruptcy.
There are five ways to ask: one phone route for short-term help, and four ways to send the application. Each comes from PNC's own pages.
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Call for short-term help
For a money problem expected to last about three months or less, the request "must be made by calling 1-800-523-8654," PNC's page says. The page also says "There is no documentation or form required" for that option.
Source: PNC, financial trouble page
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Email the application
PNC's application lists haa@pnc.com for the completed form and documents. PNC accepts PDF, JPEG or Word files only.
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Fax the application
The fax number is 855-288-3974. PNC asks you to use the cover sheet that comes with its application.
Source: PNC, financial trouble page
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Mail the application
PNC's address for applications is PNC Bank, Attention: Central Receiving B6-YM14-01-T, 3232 Newmark Drive, Miamisburg, OH 45342. You can keep a copy of everything you send.
Source: PNC, client resource page
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Apply online
PNC's hardship page links to an online application. You sign in with your PNC Online Banking username and password to reach it.
Source: PNC, financial trouble page
PNC answered every recent CFPB mortgage complaint on time
PNC answered all 647 mortgage complaints it got through the CFPB from January 2025 to October 20, 2026 within the CFPB's deadline. Below, the typical large mortgage company means the median, or middle, company among the 40 other companies with at least 200 complaints since January 2025. Its on-time rate was 99.93%.
On time means PNC replied before the CFPB's deadline, not that the reply fixed the problem. The CFPB data marks 0 PNC answers late in 2025 and 0 in 2026 through October 20, 2026.
The bigger difference is in how complaints were closed. Monetary relief is the CFPB's term for a complaint closed with the company giving the borrower money. PNC closed 3.2% of its complaints that way, against 0.5% for the typical large mortgage company.
Of PNC's 647 complaints in that window, 85.5% were closed with an explanation, 3.2% with monetary relief and 1.4% with non-monetary relief, such as a corrected record. The remaining 9.9% were still in progress on October 20, 2026. A company can reply on time and still have the complaint open while it works on it.
The CFPB says on its complaint database page that complaints are "only published after the company responds, confirming a commercial relationship or after 15 days, whichever comes first."
A complaint is the borrower's side of the story. Complaint counts are not adjusted for the number of loans serviced.
What PNC borrowers complain about
This section uses a longer window, from May 2017, when the CFPB's current issue names began. Most complaints about PNC are about trouble during the payment process: 54.5% since May 2017, against a median of 50.2% for the 73 other companies with at least 200 complaints since May 2017. Struggling to pay the mortgage came next, at 21.0% of PNC's complaints and 23.6% at the median company.
Since May 2017, PNC's biggest gaps from the median company are in payment-process trouble and in applying for a mortgage or refinancing (13.3% against 9.8%). The chart below compares PNC's share of each complaint type with the median company's.
PNC's complaint mix compared with typical mortgage companies
Share of mortgage complaints by issue, PNC and the median of the 73 other companies with at least 200 complaints, May 1, 2017 to October 20, 2026
This company Median of other companies
Trouble during payment process
Struggling to pay mortgage
Applying for a mortgage or refinancing an existing mortgage
Closing on a mortgage
Incorrect information on your report
Problem with a company's investigation into an existing problem
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Escrow and payments
Since May 2017, 617 of PNC's payment-process complaints name a more specific topic. Of those, 25.6% were about escrow, taxes or insurance. Escrow is the account your mortgage company keeps to pay your property taxes and home insurance. Another 25.3% were about trying to reach PNC to fix a problem, and 22.2% were about the payment process itself.
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Which loans the complaints are about
Loans backed by a federal agency (FHA, VA and USDA loans) made up 12.1% of PNC's complaints from January 2025 to October 20, 2026. The median for the 40 other companies with at least 200 complaints since January 2025 was 35.0%. Home equity loans and lines of credit made up 25.7% of PNC's complaints in that window, against a median of 2.1% for those 40 other companies. PNC has a separate hardship line for home equity loans, listed above.
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Who the complaints come from
Complaints tagged as coming from older Americans made up 15.5% of PNC's from January 2025 to October 20, 2026, against a median of 10.9% for the 40 other companies with at least 200 complaints since January 2025. Servicemember complaints made up 8.3%, against a median of 17.0% for those 40 other companies.
How PNC's complaint count compares with last year
PNC drew 336 mortgage complaints from January 1 to October 20, 2026, up from 238 in the same days of 2025.
PNC's yearly count peaked at 931 in 2014 and was 311 in 2025. In 2025, PNC ranked 18 of 75 mortgage companies in this comparison by mortgage complaints, where first place had the most. The chart below shows complaints received each year from 2014, with the latest year running to October 20, 2026.
PNC's mortgage complaints by year, 2014 to 2026
CFPB mortgage complaints about PNC Bank, N.A. by year received; 2026 is a partial year, through October 20, 2026
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Why complaint counts need a loan denominator
A company with more loans will usually draw more complaints. PNC's quarterly report says it collected payments on $209 billion of home loans owned by other investors at June 30, 2026. That figure leaves out loans PNC keeps itself, and no recent filing we read gives a loan count. So we compare shares, not counts, with other companies.
Downtown Pittsburgh. PNC's annual report says its executive offices are in The Tower at PNC Plaza. PNC Form 10-K for 2025
If your loan just moved to PNC
If your loan just moved to PNC, the move "will not affect the original terms and conditions of your mortgage," according to PNC's transfer page.
PNC bought FirstBank on January 5, 2026, according to PNC's quarterly report. FirstBank borrowers in Colorado and Arizona moved earlier than the October transfer. PNC's FirstBank page says those mortgages transferred to PNC on June 1, 2026, with a Notice of Servicing Transfer letter giving the new account number.
That page also says PNC took over escrow accounts. Online recurring payments set up at FirstBank had to be set up again in PNC Online Banking.
The CFPB complaint file has no FirstBank transfer tag.
PNC lists 888-581-8960 for transfer questions. The steps below explain the federal rule on payments sent to your old company in the first 60 days.
Regulator orders and court cases involving PNC's mortgages
These are the orders, settlements and cases we found about PNC's mortgage business, newest first, each read on the regulator's or court's own document. Each entry says whether PNC admitted anything, and quotes the document where it speaks to that. A servicer is a company that collects mortgage payments, as PNC does. A consent order is an order a company agrees to without a trial.
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Feb 2, 2026
U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland Proposed class action (Lyons v. PNC Bank, N.A.), no class certified
A borrower alleged that PNC broke the Truth in Lending Act, a federal consumer credit law. The borrower alleged PNC took money from the borrower's deposit accounts to pay a home equity line of credit first opened with National City Bank, a bank PNC took over in 2008. A class action is a suit filed for a whole group of people. In February 2026 the court ruled for PNC on the borrower's own damages, denied the rest of PNC's motion, and asked for more briefing before deciding on a class.
Admitted wrongdoing? No court has found PNC liable, and no class was certified. The claims remain allegations.
Status: The CourtListener docket available on October 21, 2026, ends with the court's February 2026 opinion. HELN News reported a settlement and April 2026 dismissal without terms. · Lyons v. PNC Bank, memorandum opinion (D. Md.)
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Jul 18, 2022
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) Consent order with a civil money penalty
The OCC found that, since at least 2016, PNC failed to force-place flood insurance on time on home loans that needed it. A third-party servicer handled that work. The OCC noted PNC found the problem itself. A civil money penalty is a fine paid to the government.
Admitted wrongdoing? "The OCC finds, and the Bank neither admits nor denies"
$2,614,456 penalty to the government; no money to borrowers stated
Status: Order issued; penalty assessed · OCC consent order 2022-031
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Feb 18, 2022
U.S. District Court for the Central District of California Class action settlement, final approval (Corona v. PNC Bank, N.A.)
California borrowers whose loan servicing PNC took over claimed PNC wrongly charged fees to pay by phone or online. The settlement covered fees charged from June 22, 2016 to March 16, 2021. Each loan got a check, sized in proportion to the fees its borrower paid.
Admitted wrongdoing? No. The court's approval order says PNC "denies liability in this case."
$661,793.51 settlement fund, before court-approved fees and costs
Status: Closed; leftover money went to the nonprofit Public Counsel under a November 2025 order · Corona v. PNC Bank, final approval order (C.D. Cal.)
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Jun 23, 2018
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York Whistleblower suit dismissed (U.S. ex rel. Grubea v. Rosicki)
A whistleblower, or qui tam, suit is one a private person files on the government's behalf. This one alleged that foreclosure law firms billed inflated costs that servicers passed on to the government. It named PNC among several servicers. The government declined to join the claims against the servicers. A dismissal with prejudice bars refiling the same claims.
Admitted wrongdoing? Not applicable: the court dismissed the claims against the servicers.
Status: Claims against PNC and the other servicers dismissed with prejudice on June 23, 2018 · Grubea v. Rosicki opinion (S.D.N.Y.)
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May 1, 2018
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) Civil money penalty
The OCC assessed the penalty for what it called a pattern or practice of violations of the federal flood insurance law.
Admitted wrongdoing? "without admitting or denying any wrongdoing"
$207,245 penalty to the government
Status: Order issued; penalty assessed · OCC order 2018-030
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Jan 12, 2018
Federal Reserve Board Civil money penalty; 2011 consent order ended
The Fed fined PNC's parent company over the mortgage servicing and foreclosure conduct covered by the Fed's April 2011 consent order. The Fed ended that order the same day.
Admitted wrongdoing? No. PNC consented to the penalty without admitting the conduct. The order says PNC "allegedly failed to provide effective oversight" of its mortgage servicing.
$3,500,000 penalty to the government
Status: Fed order terminated January 12, 2018 · Federal Reserve penalty order, January 12, 2018
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Jan 9, 2014
CFPB and U.S. Department of Justice Consent order entered by a federal court (W.D. Pa.)
Conduct by National City, which PNC later took over
The CFPB and the Justice Department alleged that National City Bank charged Black and Hispanic borrowers higher prices on mortgages made from 2002 to 2008. The complaint was filed December 23, 2013. The CFPB's page describes an April 2026 change to the disparate-impact rule under the fair lending law.
Admitted wrongdoing? "Successor neither admits nor denies Plaintiffs' allegations."
$35,000,000 for affected borrowers, paid by PNC as National City's successor
Status: Terminated, the CFPB's page says · CFPB enforcement action, National City Bank
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Feb 28, 2013
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) Amended consent order
This amendment to the 2011 order replaced the review of past foreclosures with payments. The cash went to a fund for borrowers whose homes were in foreclosure in 2009 or 2010. A second amount was foreclosure-prevention help, such as loan modifications, counted by formula rather than paid as cash.
Admitted wrongdoing? "without admitting or denying any wrongdoing"
$69,433,224 in cash to a borrower fund; separately, $111,093,158 in foreclosure-prevention help counted by formula
Status: Terminated June 16, 2015 · OCC amended consent order 2013-124
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Apr 13, 2011
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) Consent order
The OCC acted against PNC and seven other large servicers over foreclosure practices. Its findings included that, in many cases, foreclosure affidavits filed in state courts weren't based on the personal knowledge they claimed. Affidavits are sworn statements. The Fed issued a parallel order against PNC's parent company the same day.
Admitted wrongdoing? "The Comptroller finds, and the Bank neither admits nor denies"
Status: Terminated June 16, 2015; the OCC's termination order says PNC had satisfied all requirements of the 2013 amended order · OCC consent order AA-EC-11-17, PNC Bank (April 13, 2011)
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Apr 6, 2011
Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Audit report
Auditors followed up a complaint about National City Mortgage, which PNC had bought. They found PNC complied with HUD's loss mitigation rules for FHA loans, which are loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration, and that the complaint's allegations were unsubstantiated.
Admitted wrongdoing? Not applicable: an audit, not a case.
Status: Final; no recommendations · HUD OIG audit 2011-CH-1007
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May 22, 2008
U.S. Department of Justice False Claims Act settlement
Conduct by National City, which PNC later took over
National City Mortgage settled allegations that it sought FHA insurance on 58 loans that weren't up to date on payments when submitted. The settlement came before PNC bought National City on December 31, 2008.
Admitted wrongdoing? Not stated in the Justice Department's release.
$4,600,000 to the United States
Status: Closed · Justice Department release, May 22, 2008
PNC's latest annual report, for 2025, names no specific mortgage lawsuit or mortgage enforcement action (Form 10-K). The only CFPB action we found involving PNC concerns National City's lending before PNC bought it. We found no state action in the searches we ran.
Federal rules that protect you while you ask for help
Regulation X sets federal deadlines for mortgage help requests, subject to stated exceptions and state law.
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A written notice of error gets a reply, usually within 30 business days
You can send a notice of error to PNC's Dayton address listed above. The rule says the company must confirm it got the letter within five business days and respond to most errors within 30 business days. In some cases the company can take longer.
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Regulation X section 1024.35
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A complete application PNC receives more than 37 days before a sale gets a review within 30 days
If PNC gets your complete application more than 37 days before a foreclosure sale, the rule gives PNC 30 days to review your application for every help option. You can ask PNC in writing whether PNC considers your application complete.
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In most cases, no first foreclosure filing before you're 120 days behind
The rule bars the first foreclosure filing until a loan is more than 120 days behind. A complete application sent before that filing adds more protection while PNC reviews the application.
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A loan modification denial can be appealed within 14 days
If your complete application arrived 90 days or more before a sale, the rule lets you appeal a modification denial within 14 days. PNC staff other than those who first reviewed your application must review the appeal.
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On-time payments to your old company count for 60 days after a transfer
For 60 days after a transfer, the new company must credit an on-time payment sent to the old company without a late fee. You can keep proof of when you paid.
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A HUD-approved housing counselor is free
A HUD-approved housing counselor works for a nonprofit agency approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and helps homeowners sort out their options. The phone line is in the free help section at the end of this page. A CFPB complaint records a problem. A mortgage-assistance application uses the servicer's assistance route.
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Thanks, that helps.
Questions about PNC Bank, N.A.
What is PNC's mortgage hardship phone number?
PNC lists 800-523-8654 for borrower assistance on a mortgage, and 866-622-2657 for a home equity loan or line. Its hardship page gives hours of 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. Eastern Monday to Thursday, 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. Friday and 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturday.
What is the PNC mortgage customer service number?
PNC lists 800-822-5626 for current mortgage customers, with automated account information around the clock. PNC's two pages give different hours for its staff: the mortgage page lists 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. Eastern on weekdays and 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on weekends, while the contact page ends at 5 p.m. on Fridays and lists no weekend hours.
Where do I send a PNC hardship application?
PNC takes it by email at haa@pnc.com, by fax at 855-288-3974, by mail to its Central Receiving office in Miamisburg, Ohio. You can also send it online after you sign in. PNC's hardship page lists all four ways to send it; short-term help starts by phone.
How long does PNC take to review a hardship application?
PNC's page says PNC will complete the eligibility process within 30 days of receiving a complete application, if the application arrives at least 38 days before a scheduled foreclosure sale. That matches the federal rule, which says more than 37 days.
How many CFPB mortgage complaints has PNC received?
The CFPB database holds 7,499 mortgage complaints about PNC Bank N.A. from 2012 to October 20, 2026. Of the 647 received from January 2025 on, 85.5% were closed with an explanation and 3.2% with monetary relief.
Does PNC answer CFPB mortgage complaints on time?
Yes. PNC answered all 647 mortgage complaints from January 2025 to October 20, 2026 on time. The median for the 40 other companies with at least 200 complaints since January 2025 was 99.93%.
Has PNC paid penalties over its mortgage business?
Yes. We found three regulator fines over PNC's mortgage business since 2011. The orders and settlements listed above also include money paid to borrowers, which is separate from these fines. The Federal Reserve fined PNC's parent company $3,500,000 in 2018 over mortgage servicing and foreclosure conduct. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) fined PNC $207,245 in 2018 and $2,614,456 in 2022 over flood insurance. The OCC orders say PNC neither admitted nor denied the findings, and the Fed's order calls the conduct alleged.
Was PNC part of the 2012 National Mortgage Settlement?
No. The 2012 settlement covered five servicers: Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo, Citigroup and Ally. PNC was under a separate 2011 OCC consent order, which PNC agreed to without admitting or denying the OCC's findings. The OCC ended it in 2015.
My loan moved from FirstBank to PNC. What changes?
PNC's FirstBank page says Colorado and Arizona FirstBank mortgages moved on June 1, 2026, with a new account number and new payment instructions. PNC took over escrow, and online recurring payments set up at FirstBank had to be set up again in PNC Online Banking.
Protect yourself from scams
The FTC and CFPB describe these warning signs and the rules behind them:
- Upfront fees for promised relief are a warning sign. Under FTC mortgage-assistance rules, most companies that sell mortgage help cannot charge until a homeowner accepts a written offer from the mortgage company or lender. A separate FTC rule covers debt-relief companies that sell by phone and ties fees to a completed debt arrangement. It bars a fee until at least one debt has been settled or changed, the customer agrees to the arrangement, and the customer has made a payment under it. The FTC describes a narrow exception for lawyers who give help as part of the practice of law and are licensed in the state where the client or dwelling is. The lawyer follows that state's rules for attorneys, and advance fees are placed in a client trust account before services begin under state trust-account rules.
- HUD-approved foreclosure-prevention counseling is free. HUD’s national counselor line is 800-569-4287. The CFPB counselor finder lists agencies and their services. If an organization charges for help described as free HUD counseling, the CFPB finder can verify the agency and its listed services before any payment.
- A request to sign over a deed is a warning sign. The CFPB identifies title-transfer schemes among foreclosure-relief scams. Signing over title can mean losing ownership of the home; a lawyer can explain what a proposed document would do.
- Foreclosure protections depend on timing and the loan. Regulation X generally bars the first foreclosure notice or filing on a principal-residence loan until the borrower is more than 120 days behind, subject to exceptions. A complete assistance application can delay some foreclosure steps, but that depends on when it arrives; it does not necessarily stop every step. The CFPB warns about promises to “save” a home.
Free help if you're behind
Housing counselors approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development work at nonprofit agencies. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau describes free foreclosure-avoidance counseling, including help with mortgage-company conversations and available options Source CFPB.
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HUD-approved housing counselors
Our help directory lists 1,010 agencies approved for foreclosure counseling, by state.
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Legal aid
Nonprofit law offices give free civil legal help to people with low incomes. Our help directory lists the 120 offices the Legal Services Corporation funds.
Every figure on this page, with its period and the CFPB filter behind it, in one file. Free to use with credit to American Default Research.
Sources and method
We gather the data, run the numbers and research each company ourselves. The CFPB publishes complaints without verifying each account. Complaint figures come from our copy of the CFPB Consumer Complaint Database, mortgage product, company name "PNC Bank N.A.", through October 20, 2026. Complaints filed under BBVA's name before PNC bought BBVA are not merged in. Comparisons use the median of each other company's own share, among companies with at least 200 complaints in the same window. Issue shares start May 1, 2017, after the CFPB renamed its issues. On October 21, 2026, we copied phone numbers and addresses from PNC's pages and read the orders and cases in the regulator's or court's own documents. Updated: October 2026 · Next review expected: January 2027.
What this page relies on (30 sources)
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Consumer Complaint Database Mortgage complaints about the company, received through Oct 20, 2026. Our counts from the CFPB's complaint records.
- PNC mortgage customer service page
- PNC mortgage hardship (financial trouble) page
- PNC client resource page (application address)
- PNC contact page (hours, military line)
- PNC mortgage payment options
- PNC mortgage transfer page
- PNC Hardship Assistance Application (PDF)
- PNC welcome page for FirstBank customers
- Form 10-K for 2025
- Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026
- Consumer Complaint Database
- Statement on complaint narratives, August 14, 2026
- Regulation X, section 1024.33
- Regulation X, section 1024.35
- Regulation X, section 1024.41
- Consent order AA-EC-11-17, April 13, 2011
- Termination order, June 16, 2015
- Amended consent order 2013-124
- Civil money penalty order 2018-030
- Consent order 2022-031
- Penalty order, January 12, 2018
- National City Bank enforcement action
- National Mortgage Settlement release, 2012
- National City Mortgage settlement release, 2008
- Audit 2011-CH-1007
- Corona v. PNC Bank, final approval order
- Lyons v. PNC Bank, memorandum opinion
- U.S. ex rel. Grubea v. Rosicki, opinion
- Report on the Lyons case, June 18, 2026
We write with assistance from AI tools. Figures come from the data and sources named on this page.